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Naturalism, Physicalism and Materialism
Clipped by Nathan Jacobson »
June 12, 2008
In recent years, as our deepening understanding of the delicate
complexity of the universe continues unabated, Naturalists are
increasingly turning to "multiverse" hypotheses to blunt or dodge the
force of fine-tuning and teleological arguments for the existence of a Designer. Roughly, the idea is that, parallel to the universe we inhabit, there exists an infinite series of universes, each of which is
different from our own in at least one respect. In the multiverse,
every contingent possibility is instantiated in at least one universe.
If it helps, the concept has been used for dramatic effect on the TV
show, Sliders, and in The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy. The multiverse is thought to undercut design arguments because while it is wildly improbable that our life-supporting universe should exist if there was only one shot at it, it is inevitable that our universe exist if every possible universe exists. (Yes, it begs the question of the necessary
conditions for this meta-universe, but we'll leave that to the side.)
There are mixed feelings about the multiverse hypothesis amongst
skeptics and Naturalists. While it may be a stopgap against the
implications of our apparently designed universe, it is an inescapably
ironic move for the Naturalist to postulate a deus ex machina that is
unobserved and, in principle, unobservable.
