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Irrelevant Conclusion

Go Jan 01, 1970 An argument which purports to prove one thing instead proves a different conclusion.

Wrong Direction

Go Jan 01, 1970 The relation between cause and effect is reversed.

Converse Accident

Go Jan 01, 1970 An exception to a generalization is applied to cases where the generalization should apply.

Accident

Go Jan 01, 1970 A generalization is applied when circumstances suggest there should be an exception.

Go Jan 01, 1970 Each of these fallacies is characterized by the illegitimate use of a logical operator in order to distract the reader from the apparent falsity of a certain proposition. The following fallacies are fallacies of distraction:

Biconditional (if-and-only-if)

Go Jan 01, 1970 The proposition P if and only if Q is true if and only if both P and Q are true, or if both P and Q are false. It is false only when one of them is true and the other false.

Negation (not)

Go Jan 01, 1970 The proposition Not P is true if and only if P is false. It is false only if P is true.

Truths

Go Jan 01, 1970 A proposition is true if and only if what it says about the world is in fact the way it is.

Propositions

Go Jan 01, 1970 A logical operator joins two propositions to form a new, complex, proposition.

Limited Scope

Go Jan 01, 1970 The theory doesn't explain anything other than the phenomenon it explains.