Search Results for: papers/490937

David Hume on the Difficulty of Ethical Reflection

Go

There is an inconvenience which attends all abstruse reasoning, that it may silence, without convincing an antagonist, and requires the same intense study to make us sensible of its force, that was at first requisite for its invention. When we leave our closet, and engage in the common affairs of life, its conclusions seem to vanish, like the phantoms of the night on the appearance of the morning; and ’tis difficult for us to retain even that conviction, which we had attain’d with difficulty.

In

David Hume on Hard Reality vs. Faith

Go

We may observe, that, notwithstanding the dogmatical, imperious style of all superstition, the conviction of the religionists, in all ages, is more affected than real, and scarcely ever approaches, in any degree, to that solid belief and persuasion, which governs us in the common affairs of life. Men dare not avow, even to their own hearts, the doubts which they entertain on such subjects: They make a merit of implicit faith; and disguise to themselves their real infidelity, by the strongest asseverations and most positive bigotry. But nature is too hard for all their endeavours, and suffers not the obscure, glimmering light, afforded in those shadowy regions, to equal the strong impressions, made by common sense and by experience. The usual course of men’s conduct belies their words, and shows, that their assent in these matters is some unaccountable operation of the mind between disbelief and conviction, but approaching much nearer to the former than to the latter.

In

Preface to A Defence of Christianity

Go

Although to “be ready to give every one a reason of the hope that is in you,” is the absolute command of inspiration, still it is undeniable, that too many members of the Christian Church possess not that distinct knowledge of the proofs establishing the Divine origin of their religion, which could enable them to satisfy the minds of others, or even to content their own. One obvious excuse for this ignorance on the most important of all subjects, is, that throughout the long list of modern theological publications, few, devoted exclusively to the evidences, are to be found, which can be considered as likely to invite and retain the attention of an anxious but unlearned Christian. In fact, by far the greater number of our excellent apologists, pious, learned, and eloquent as they are, seem to have been tacitly consigned to the closet of the student.

In

John Locke on Tradition

Go

The great obstinacy that is to be found in men firmly believing quite contrary opinions, though many times equally absurd, in the various religions of mankind, are as evident a proof as they are an unavoidable consequence of this way of reasoning from received traditional principles. So that men will disbelieve their own eyes, renounce the
evidence of their senses, and give their own experience the lie, rather than admit of anything disagreeing with these sacred tenets.

In

Scott Sauls on the Core Issue in Abortion

Go

I believe that the core issue in the pro-life vs. pro-choice debate is whose rights matter most. Is it the rights of the mother or the rights of the infant in her womb? I believe that the answer is yes. … Pro-life advocates allege that pro-choice is not an accurate term, because only one person in the equation gets to choose the destiny of all people in the equation, namely the mother. She has one hundred percent of the decision making power and the infant inside of her has no decision making power, no voice, and no ability to defend her/himself. The idea that a woman should have jurisdiction over her own body also breaks down, because roughly fifty percent of infants in utero are female who have no choice over what happens to their bodies. ¶ Pro-choice advocates allege that pro-life is not an accurate term. This is precisely the concern that an abortion provider voiced to me just one week ago. He said, “As I see it, the so-called pro-life position only applies to one kind of life. After the infant is born, pro-life people tend to disappear from the picture.” He went on to say that over sixty percent of women who come in for an abortion are alone and live below the poverty line. Rarely has this doctor seen or heard a “pro-life” person express any concern whatsoever for her life. … If we don’t show deep concern for both mother and child, … then our religion is lopsided. Until we become both/and on this issue, our religion is not true.

In

Scott Sauls on the Core Issue in Abortion

Go

I believe that the core issue in the pro-life vs. pro-choice debate is whose rights matter most. Is it the rights of the mother or the rights of the infant in her womb? I believe that the answer is yes. … Pro-life advocates allege that pro-choice is not an accurate term, because only one person in the equation gets to choose the destiny of all people in the equation, namely the mother. She has one hundred percent of the decision making power and the infant inside of her has no decision making power, no voice, and no ability to defend her/himself. The idea that a woman should have jurisdiction over her own body also breaks down, because roughly fifty percent of infants in utero are female who have no choice over what happens to their bodies. ¶ Pro-choice advocates allege that pro-life is not an accurate term. This is precisely the concern that an abortion provider voiced to me just one week ago. He said, “As I see it, the so-called pro-life position only applies to one kind of life. After the infant is born, pro-life people tend to disappear from the picture.” He went on to say that over sixty percent of women who come in for an abortion are alone and live below the poverty line. Rarely has this doctor seen or heard a “pro-life” person express any concern whatsoever for her life. … If we don’t show deep concern for both mother and child, … then our religion is lopsided. Until we become both/and on this issue, our religion is not true.

Reading for Comparative Epistemologies and Theories

Go

Week 2: Knowledge and the Epistemology Paradox; Cultural / Social Construction of Reality

Berger, Peter L., and Thomas Luckmann. 1967. The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge (Doubleday) (ch. 1& 2: pp. 1-46)

Geertz, Clifford. 1992. “Common Sense as a Cultural System,” The Antioch Review, 50 (1&2): 221-241.

Schwandt, Thomas A. “Constructivist, Interpretivist Approaches to Human Inquiry.” In The Landscape of Qualitative Research: Theories and Issues, pp. 221-259. Ed. Norman K. Denzin & Yvonna S. Lincoln. (Sage)

Week 3: Theories of Knowledge: An Overview

Pollock, John L. and Joseph Cruz. 1999. Contemporary Theories of Knowledge. 2nd ed. (Rowman and Littlefield)

Positivist Epistemologies

Bitbol, Michel. 2001. “Non-Representationalist Theories of Knowledge and Quantum Mechanics,” Nordic Journal of Philosophy 2: 37-61 (http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/archive/ 00000888; accessed April 24, 2004)

Kitcher, Philip. 2002. Scientific Knowledge. In The Oxford Handbook of Epistemology. Ed. Paul K. Moser. Oxford U P.

Miller, Richard. 1987. “Replacing Positivism.” In Fact and Method, pp. 3-11. (Princeton U P)

Phillips, D.C. 2000. “Positivism” and “Social Construction of Knowledge.” In The Expanded Social Scientists Bestiary, pp.157-168, 187-207. (Rowman and Littlefield)

Week 5: Critiques of Positivism

Haraway, Donna J. 1997. Modest_Witness@Second_Millenium. Female Man_Meets_OncomouseTM: Feminism and Technoscience. (Routledge)

Non-Positivist Epistemologies: Social Constructivism

Latour, Bruno, and Steve Woolgar. 1991. Laboratory Life: The Construction of Scientific Facts. (Princeton U P)

Week 7: Epistemological Breaks in Science & Technology

Bijker, Wiebe A. 1994. Of Bicycles, Bakelites, and Bulbs: Toward a Theory of Sociotechnical Change. (MIT Press)

Week 8: Social Constructivism: Applications in LIS

Benoit, Gerald. 2002. “Toward a Critical Theoretic Perspective in Information Systems,” Library Quarterly 72 (4): 441-471

Frohmann, Bernd. 1997. Taking Information Policy Beyond Information Science: Applying the Actor Network Theory. (http://www.ualberta.ca/dept/slis/cais/frohmann.htm; accessed April 24, 2004)

Van House, Nancy. 2000. “Actor-Network Theory, Knowledge Work, and Digital Libraries.” (http://www.sims.berkeley.edu/~vanhouse/bridge.html; accessed April 24, 2004)

Week 9: Social Epistemology: Applications in LIS

Budd, John M. 2002. “Jesse Shera, Sociologist of Knowledge?” The Library Quarterly. Vol. 72 (4:2002): 423-440

Goldman, Alvin. 1994. “Argumentation and Social Epistemology,” Journal of Philosophy: 27-49.

Module II – Knowledge as Social Action

Week 10: Applied Social Science (The Praxis Approach)

Feagin, Joe R. and Hernán Vera. 2001. Liberation Sociology. (Westview Press)

Week 11: Social Worlds / Situated Knowledge

Goldman, Alvin. 1999. Knowledge in a Social World. (Oxford U P)

Butler, Cornelia Flora. 1991. “Reconstructing Agriculture: The Case for Local Knowledge,” Rural Sociology 57:92-97.

Smith, Dorothy E. 1999. “From a Women’s Standpoint to a Sociology for People.” In Sociology for the Twenty-First Century. Ed. J.L. Abu-Lughod, pp. 65-82. (U of Chicago P)

Module III – Epistemologies & Methodologies

Week 12: Interpretation

Panofsky, Erwin. 1957. “The History of Art as a Humanistic Discipline.” In Meaning in the Visual Arts. pp. 1-25. (Doubleday)

Week 13: Narrative

Kreiswirth, Martin. 2000. “Merely Telling Stories? Narrative and Knowledge in the Human Sciences,” Poetics Today 21:2:294-318

Week 14: Ethnographies & Histories

Erickson, Kirstin C. 2003. “’They Will Come from the Other Side of the Sea’: Prophecy, Ethnogenesis, and Agency in Yaqui Narrative,” Journal of American Folklore 116:462: 465-482

Olick, Jeffrey K, and Joyce Robbins. 1998. “Social Memory Studies: From ‘Collective Memory’ to the Historical Sociology of Mnemonic Practices,” Annual Review of Sociology 24 (1998): 105-140.

Additional Titles of Interest

Bowker, Geoffrey C., and Susan Leigh Star. 1999. Sorting Things Out: Classification and Its Consequences. (MIT Press)

Daston, Lorraine (ed.) 2000. Biographies of Scientific Objects. (U of Chicago P)

Edmonds, David, and John Eidinow. 2001. Wittgenstein’s Poker: The Story of a Ten Minute Argument Between Two Great Philosophers. (Routledge)

Galison, Peter L. 1997. Image and Logic: A Material Culture of Microphysics. (U of Chicago P)

Hyland, Paul, Olga Gomez, and Francesca Greensides (eds.) 2003. The Enlightenment: A Sourcebook and Reader. (Routledge)

Johns, Adrian. 1998. The Nature of the Book: Print and Knowledge in the Making. (U of Chicago P)

Kincheloe, Joe L., and Peter L. McLaren. 1998. “Rethinking Critical Theory and Qualitative Research.” In The Landscape of Qualitative Reserch Theories and Issues. Ed. Norman Denzin & Yvonna Lincoln. (Sage)

Latour, Bruno.1996. Aramis, or, The Love of Technology. (Harvard U P) Latour, Bruno. 1988. The Pasteurization of France. (Harvard U P)
Latour, Bruno.1993. We Have Never Been Modern. (Harvard U P)
Pitt, Joseph C. 1995. New Directions in the Philosophy of Technology. (Kluwer) Popper, Karl. 1992/1959. The Logic of Scientific Discovery. (Routledge)

Ravetz, Jerome R. 1996. Scientific Knowledge and its Social Problems. (Transaction Publishers)

Turner, Jonathan H. 1997. The Structure of Sociological Theory. (Wadsworth Publishing Company)

Wenger, Etienne. 1998. Communities of Practice: Learning, Meaning, and Identity. (Cambridge University Press)

Kacey Musgraves on Doing Good Is Hard, So Do Your Own Thing

Go

If you save yourself for marriage
You’re a bore
If you don’t save yourself for marriage
You’re a horrible person
If you won’t have a drink
Then you’re a prude
But they’ll call you a drunk
As soon as you down the first one

If you can’t lose the weight
Then you’re just fat
But if you lose too much
Then you’re on crack
You’re damned if you do
And you’re damned if you don’t
So you might as well just do
Whatever you want
So

Make lots of noise
Kiss lots of boys
Or kiss lots of girls
If that’s something you’re into
When the straight and narrow
Gets a little too straight
Roll up a joint, or don’t
Just follow your arrow
Wherever it points, yeah
Follow your arrow
Wherever it points

If you don’t go to church
You’ll go to hell
If you’re the first one
On the front row
You’re self-righteous
Son of a-
Can’t win for losing
You’ll just disappoint ’em
Just ’cause you can’t beat ’em
Don’t mean you should join ’em

So make lots of noise
Kiss lots of boys
Or kiss lots of girls
If that’s something you’re into
When the straight and narrow
Gets a little too straight
Roll up a joint, or don’t
Just follow your arrow
Wherever it points, yeah
Follow your arrow
Wherever it points

Say what you think
Love who you love
‘Cause you just get
So many trips ’round the sun
Yeah, you only
Only live once

So make lots of noise
Kiss lots of boys
Or kiss lots of girls
If that’s what you’re into
When the straight and narrow
Gets a little too straight
Roll up a joint, I would
And follow your arrow
Wherever it points, yeah
Follow your arrow
Wherever it points

In

Hebrews on Longing for a Heavenly Country

Go

All these people were still living by faith when they died. They did not receive the things promised; they only saw them and welcomed them from a distance, admitting that they were foreigners and strangers on earth. [14] People who say such things show that they are looking for a country of their own. [15] If they had been thinking of the country they had left, they would have had opportunity to return. [16] Instead, they were longing for a better country—a heavenly one. Therefore God is not ashamed to be called their God, for he has prepared a city for them. …